Argentina

1516 – First Spanish landing on the Argentine coast

1816 – Independence from Spain (date of modern state formation)

1818–1880 – Period of internal conflict, unification of the country

1946–1955 – Perón’s rise to power, economic and social reforms

1976–1983 – “Dirty War” period (military dictatorship)

1982 – Falklands War with the United Kingdom

1983 – Return to democracy

2001 – Economic crisis and political instability

2023 – Javier Milei elected President

Continent: South America
Location: Southern South America, bordering the Andes Mountains and the South Atlantic Ocean
Capital: Buenos Aires
Language: Spanish (official)
Currency: Argentine Peso (ARS)
Population: ~46 million (last updated: April 2025)
Time Zone: Argentina Time (ART, UTC-3)

Borders: Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay
Coastline: Atlantic Ocean
Landscape: Vast plains (Pampas), Andes Mountains, Patagonian steppe, glacial lakes
Major Rivers: Paraná, Uruguay, Colorado
Notable Features: Aconcagua (highest peak in the Americas), Iguazú Falls, Pampas grasslands

Ethnic Groups: Primarily European descent (Italians, Spaniards); significant mestizo, indigenous populations
Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
Urban Population: ~92% (last updated: 2023)
Population Notes: One of the most urbanized countries in Latin America, with a large immigrant population

Famous For: Tango music and dance, football (soccer), wine, beef, literature
Cuisine: Asado (barbecue), empanadas, milanesa, mate (herbal drink)
Arts: Tango, poetry, literary greats like Jorge Luis Borges
Sports: Football (soccer), rugby, basketball, polo

Economy Type: Mixed, emerging market
GDP: Approx. $590 billion USD (last updated: 2024)
Major Industries: Agriculture (soybeans, wine, beef), automotive, chemicals, petroleum
Key Exports: Soybeans, corn, wheat, beef, vehicles, wine
Unemployment Rate: ~9.3% (last updated: 2024)
Economic Regions: Strong agricultural production in Pampas; oil and gas in Patagonia; manufacturing in Buenos Aires

Government Type: Federal republic
Head of State & Government: President Javier Milei (last updated: April 2025)
Legislature: Bicameral (Senate & Chamber of Deputies)
Constitution: In effect since 1853 (last reformed in 1994)

Buenos Aires: Tango clubs, historic neighborhoods, museums
Iguazú Falls: One of the largest and most spectacular waterfall systems in the world
Mendoza: Wine country, Malbec vineyards
Patagonia: Glaciers, Mount Fitz Roy, wildlife
UNESCO World Heritage Sites: 11 (last updated: 2023)